↑D'Assis Fonseca, E. C. M (1968). Diptera Cyclorrhapha Calyptrata: Muscidae. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects. Vol. 10. London: Royal Entomological Society of London. p. 118.
↑Gregor, F. (2002). The Muscidae (Diptera) of Central Europe. Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Masarykianae Brunensis. Vol. 107. Masaryk: Masaryk University. p. 280.
