Arnett, R.H. Jr.; Thomas, M. C., eds. (2000). American Beetles, Volume I: Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0849319259.
Bousquet, Yves (2010). Illustrated Identification Guide to Adults and Larvae of Northeastern North American Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Pensoft Publishers.
LeConte, J.L. (1861). Classification of the Coleoptera of North America. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 3. Smithsonian Institution. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.38459. ISBN 0665100558.
Riley, K.; Browne, R. (2011). «Changes in ground beetle diversity and community composition in age structured forests (Coleoptera, Carabidae)». ZooKeys (147): 601-21. doi:10.3897/zookeys.147.2102. PMC 3286241. PMID 22371677.
White, Richard E. (1998) [1983]. A Field Guide to the Beetles of North America (Peterson Field Guides). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 0395910897.