Гордыя хлопцы

Гордыя хлопцы (англ.: Proud Boys) — праварадыкальная, неафашысцкая палітычная арганізацыя ў ЗША, якая складаецца толькі з мужчын і прапагандуе палітычны гвалт у ЗША і Канадзе.^[1]

Групоўка з’явілася спачатку на старонках праварадыкальнага часопіса «Taki's Magazine» у 2016 годзе пад кіраўніцтвам сузаснавальнікам «Vice Media» Гэвіна Макінэса, а імя ўзяла з песні «Proud of Your Boy» («Ганаруся тваім хлопцам») з дыснееўскага мюзікла Аладын з 2011 года.^[2]

Гордыя хлопцы паўсталі ў межах руху альт-райт, але з таго часу яны дыстанцаваліся ад альт-райтаў у бок альт-лайтаў, то бок, яны адмовіліся ад ідэнтыфікацыйнай палітыкі і расізма, але ў астатнім захавалі праварадыкальную павестку. Асабліва гэты дрыфт у бок альт-лайтаў сярод гордых хлопцаў узмацніўся пасля беласупрэматысцкага пратэсту «Аб’яднаем Правых» у 2017 годзе.^[3]

Зноскі[правіць | правіць зыходнік]

↑
Праварадыкальная:
- MacFarquhar, Neil; Feuer, Alan; Baker, Mike; Frenkel, Sheera (30 верасня 2020). "Far-Right Group That Trades in Political Violence Gets a Boost". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Архівавана з арыгінала October 2, 2020. Праверана October 1, 2020. {{cite news}}: Праверце значэнне даты ў: |date= (даведка)
- Shannon, Joel. Who are the Proud Boys? Far-right group has concerned experts for years (нявызн.). USA Today. Архівавана з першакрыніцы October 2, 2020. Праверана October 1, 2020.
Фашысцкая:
- HoSang, Daniel (2019). Producers, Parasites, Patriots: Race and the New Right-Wing Politics of Precarity. University of Minnesota Press. p. 2. ISBN 9781452960340. [...] groups such as the protofascist Proud Boys [...]. {{cite book}}: Праверце значэнне даты ў: |year= (даведка)
- Vitolo-Haddad, CV (11 чэрвеня 2019). "The Blood of Patriots: Symbolic Violence and 'The West'". Rhetoric Society Quarterly. 49 (3): 280–296. doi:10.1080/02773945.2019.1610641. S2CID 197691454 – via Taylor & Francis Online. Proud Boys [...] advance a fascist politic [...]. {{cite journal}}: Праверце значэнне даты ў: |date= (даведка)
- McLaren, Peter (2020). "Are those whiffs of fascism that I smell? Living behind the orange curtain". Educational Philosophy and Theory. 52 (10): 1011–1015. doi:10.1080/00131857.2019.1672854. S2CID 210460061. Архівавана з арыгінала December 13, 2019. Праверана October 1, 2020 – via Taylor & Francis Online. [...] the hate-filled, far-right neo-fascist organization, Proud Boys.
- Kutner, Samantha (2020). "Swiping Right: The Allure of Hyper Masculinity and Cryptofascism for Men Who Join the Proud Boys" (PDF). International Centre for Counter-Terrorism: 1. JSTOR resrep25259. Conclusion: Proud Boys represent a new face of far-right extremism. [...] This study explored the pull factors surrounding recruitment, the ways members describe precarity, and the communicative features that mark the group as a violent, cryptofascist extremist organization.
- Barry, Dan; McIntire, Mike; Rosenberg, Matthew (9 студзеня 2021). "'Our President Wants Us Here': The Mob That Stormed the Capitol". The New York Times [амерыканская англійская]. ISSN 0362-4331. Праверана January 10, 2021. Some were aligned with the neofascist Proud Boys … {{cite news}}: Праверце значэнне даты ў: |date= (даведка)
Толькі для мужчын:
- Sernau, Scott (2019). Social Inequality in a Global Age. SAGE Publications. ISBN 9781544309309. The Proud Boys, an all-male neo-fascist group [...].
- Álvarez, Rebecca (2020). Vigilante Gender Violence: Social Class, the Gender Bargain, and Mob Attacks on Women Worldwide. Routledge. ISBN 978-1000174137. The Proud Boys are a neo-fascist masculinist hate group.
- "'Proud Boys' back in Canada military after crashing indigenous ceremony". BBC News. 31 жніўня 2017. Архівавана з арыгінала June 27, 2018. Праверана July 21, 2018. {{cite news}}: Праверце значэнне даты ў: |date= (даведка)
Экстрэмісцкая і расісцкая:
- Proud Boys (англ.). Southern Poverty Law Center. Архівавана з першакрыніцы October 16, 2018. Праверана October 16, 2018.
- Lowry, Rich (19 кастрычніка 2018). "The Poisonous Allure of Right-Wing Violence". National Review. Архівавана з арыгінала October 22, 2018. Праверана November 13, 2018. McInnes is open about his glorification of violence. In a speech, he described a clash with Antifa outside a talk he gave at NYU last year: 'My guys are left to fight. And here's the crucial part: We do. And we beat the crap out of them.' He related what a Proud Boy who got arrested told him afterward: 'It was really, really fun.' According to McInnes: 'Violence doesn't feel good. Justified violence feels great. And fighting solves everything.' {{cite news}}: Праверце значэнне даты ў: |date= (даведка)
↑ Coaston, Jane. The Proud Boys, the bizarre far-right street fighters behind violence in New York, explained (нявызн.). Vox (15 кастрычніка 2018). Архівавана з першакрыніцы October 17, 2018. Праверана October 1, 2020.
↑ Woodhouse, Leighton Akio (21 верасня 2017). "After Charlottesville, the American Far Right is Tearing Itself Apart". The Intercept. Архівавана з арыгінала January 10, 2018. Праверана January 10, 2018. {{cite news}}: Праверце значэнне даты ў: |date= (даведка)

[:0-1] Праварадыкальная:
MacFarquhar, Neil; Feuer, Alan; Baker, Mike; Frenkel, Sheera (30 верасня 2020). "Far-Right Group That Trades in Political Violence Gets a Boost". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Архівавана з арыгінала October 2, 2020. Праверана October 1, 2020. {{cite news}}: Праверце значэнне даты ў: |date= (даведка)

Shannon, Joel. Who are the Proud Boys? Far-right group has concerned experts for years (нявызн.). USA Today. Архівавана з першакрыніцы October 2, 2020. Праверана October 1, 2020.
Фашысцкая:
HoSang, Daniel (2019). Producers, Parasites, Patriots: Race and the New Right-Wing Politics of Precarity. University of Minnesota Press. p. 2. ISBN 9781452960340. [...] groups such as the protofascist Proud Boys [...]. {{cite book}}: Праверце значэнне даты ў: |year= (даведка)

Vitolo-Haddad, CV (11 чэрвеня 2019). "The Blood of Patriots: Symbolic Violence and 'The West'". Rhetoric Society Quarterly. 49 (3): 280–296. doi:10.1080/02773945.2019.1610641. S2CID 197691454 – via Taylor & Francis Online. Proud Boys [...] advance a fascist politic [...]. {{cite journal}}: Праверце значэнне даты ў: |date= (даведка)

McLaren, Peter (2020). "Are those whiffs of fascism that I smell? Living behind the orange curtain". Educational Philosophy and Theory. 52 (10): 1011–1015. doi:10.1080/00131857.2019.1672854. S2CID 210460061. Архівавана з арыгінала December 13, 2019. Праверана October 1, 2020 – via Taylor & Francis Online. [...] the hate-filled, far-right neo-fascist organization, Proud Boys.

Kutner, Samantha (2020). "Swiping Right: The Allure of Hyper Masculinity and Cryptofascism for Men Who Join the Proud Boys" (PDF). International Centre for Counter-Terrorism: 1. JSTOR resrep25259. Conclusion: Proud Boys represent a new face of far-right extremism. [...] This study explored the pull factors surrounding recruitment, the ways members describe precarity, and the communicative features that mark the group as a violent, cryptofascist extremist organization.

Barry, Dan; McIntire, Mike; Rosenberg, Matthew (9 студзеня 2021). "'Our President Wants Us Here': The Mob That Stormed the Capitol". The New York Times [амерыканская англійская]. ISSN 0362-4331. Праверана January 10, 2021. Some were aligned with the neofascist Proud Boys … {{cite news}}: Праверце значэнне даты ў: |date= (даведка)
Толькі для мужчын:
Sernau, Scott (2019). Social Inequality in a Global Age. SAGE Publications. ISBN 9781544309309. The Proud Boys, an all-male neo-fascist group [...].

Álvarez, Rebecca (2020). Vigilante Gender Violence: Social Class, the Gender Bargain, and Mob Attacks on Women Worldwide. Routledge. ISBN 978-1000174137. The Proud Boys are a neo-fascist masculinist hate group.

"'Proud Boys' back in Canada military after crashing indigenous ceremony". BBC News. 31 жніўня 2017. Архівавана з арыгінала June 27, 2018. Праверана July 21, 2018. {{cite news}}: Праверце значэнне даты ў: |date= (даведка)
Экстрэмісцкая і расісцкая:
Proud Boys (англ.). Southern Poverty Law Center. Архівавана з першакрыніцы October 16, 2018. Праверана October 16, 2018.

Lowry, Rich (19 кастрычніка 2018). "The Poisonous Allure of Right-Wing Violence". National Review. Архівавана з арыгінала October 22, 2018. Праверана November 13, 2018. McInnes is open about his glorification of violence. In a speech, he described a clash with Antifa outside a talk he gave at NYU last year: 'My guys are left to fight. And here's the crucial part: We do. And we beat the crap out of them.' He related what a Proud Boy who got arrested told him afterward: 'It was really, really fun.' According to McInnes: 'Violence doesn't feel good. Justified violence feels great. And fighting solves everything.' {{cite news}}: Праверце значэнне даты ў: |date= (даведка)

[2] MacFarquhar, Neil; Feuer, Alan; Baker, Mike; Frenkel, Sheera (30 верасня 2020). "Far-Right Group That Trades in Political Violence Gets a Boost". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Архівавана з арыгінала October 2, 2020. Праверана October 1, 2020. {{cite news}}: Праверце значэнне даты ў: |date= (даведка)

[3] Shannon, Joel. Who are the Proud Boys? Far-right group has concerned experts for years (нявызн.). USA Today. Архівавана з першакрыніцы October 2, 2020. Праверана October 1, 2020.

[4] HoSang, Daniel (2019). Producers, Parasites, Patriots: Race and the New Right-Wing Politics of Precarity. University of Minnesota Press. p. 2. ISBN 9781452960340. [...] groups such as the protofascist Proud Boys [...]. {{cite book}}: Праверце значэнне даты ў: |year= (даведка)

[5] Vitolo-Haddad, CV (11 чэрвеня 2019). "The Blood of Patriots: Symbolic Violence and 'The West'". Rhetoric Society Quarterly. 49 (3): 280–296. doi:10.1080/02773945.2019.1610641. S2CID 197691454 – via Taylor & Francis Online. Proud Boys [...] advance a fascist politic [...]. {{cite journal}}: Праверце значэнне даты ў: |date= (даведка)

[6] McLaren, Peter (2020). "Are those whiffs of fascism that I smell? Living behind the orange curtain". Educational Philosophy and Theory. 52 (10): 1011–1015. doi:10.1080/00131857.2019.1672854. S2CID 210460061. Архівавана з арыгінала December 13, 2019. Праверана October 1, 2020 – via Taylor & Francis Online. [...] the hate-filled, far-right neo-fascist organization, Proud Boys.

[7] Kutner, Samantha (2020). "Swiping Right: The Allure of Hyper Masculinity and Cryptofascism for Men Who Join the Proud Boys" (PDF). International Centre for Counter-Terrorism: 1. JSTOR resrep25259. Conclusion: Proud Boys represent a new face of far-right extremism. [...] This study explored the pull factors surrounding recruitment, the ways members describe precarity, and the communicative features that mark the group as a violent, cryptofascist extremist organization.

[8] Barry, Dan; McIntire, Mike; Rosenberg, Matthew (9 студзеня 2021). "'Our President Wants Us Here': The Mob That Stormed the Capitol". The New York Times [амерыканская англійская]. ISSN 0362-4331. Праверана January 10, 2021. Some were aligned with the neofascist Proud Boys … {{cite news}}: Праверце значэнне даты ў: |date= (даведка)

[9] Sernau, Scott (2019). Social Inequality in a Global Age. SAGE Publications. ISBN 9781544309309. The Proud Boys, an all-male neo-fascist group [...].

[10] Álvarez, Rebecca (2020). Vigilante Gender Violence: Social Class, the Gender Bargain, and Mob Attacks on Women Worldwide. Routledge. ISBN 978-1000174137. The Proud Boys are a neo-fascist masculinist hate group.

[11] "'Proud Boys' back in Canada military after crashing indigenous ceremony". BBC News. 31 жніўня 2017. Архівавана з арыгінала June 27, 2018. Праверана July 21, 2018. {{cite news}}: Праверце значэнне даты ў: |date= (даведка)

[12] Proud Boys (англ.). Southern Poverty Law Center. Архівавана з першакрыніцы October 16, 2018. Праверана October 16, 2018.

[13] Lowry, Rich (19 кастрычніка 2018). "The Poisonous Allure of Right-Wing Violence". National Review. Архівавана з арыгінала October 22, 2018. Праверана November 13, 2018. McInnes is open about his glorification of violence. In a speech, he described a clash with Antifa outside a talk he gave at NYU last year: 'My guys are left to fight. And here's the crucial part: We do. And we beat the crap out of them.' He related what a Proud Boy who got arrested told him afterward: 'It was really, really fun.' According to McInnes: 'Violence doesn't feel good. Justified violence feels great. And fighting solves everything.' {{cite news}}: Праверце значэнне даты ў: |date= (даведка)

[Wox-2] Coaston, Jane. The Proud Boys, the bizarre far-right street fighters behind violence in New York, explained (нявызн.). Vox (15 кастрычніка 2018). Архівавана з першакрыніцы October 17, 2018. Праверана October 1, 2020.

[Woodhouse-3] Woodhouse, Leighton Akio (21 верасня 2017). "After Charlottesville, the American Far Right is Tearing Itself Apart". The Intercept. Архівавана з арыгінала January 10, 2018. Праверана January 10, 2018. {{cite news}}: Праверце значэнне даты ў: |date= (даведка)

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