Чарльз Роберт Дарвін

Чарльз Дарвін
Charles Darwin
Фатаграфія 1880 года
Дата нараджэння:	12 лютага 1809(1809-02-12)
Месца нараджэння:	Шрусберы, Вялікабрытанія
Дата смерці:	19 красавіка 1882(1882-04-19) (73 года)
Месца смерці:	Таўн (сёння частка Лондана), Вялікабрытанія
Краіна:	Вялікабрытанія
Навуковая сфера:	Біялогія, Геалогія
Месца працы:	Каралеўскае геаграфічнае таварыства
Альма-матэр:	Эдынбургскі ўніверсітэт, Кембрыджскі ўніверсітэт
Вядомы як:	Заснавальнік эвалюцыйнага вучэння

Сістэматык жывой прыроды

Аўтар найменняў шэрагу батанічных таксонаў. У батанічнай (бінарнай) наменклатуры гэтыя назвы дапаўняюцца скарачэннем «Darwin». Спіс такіх таксонаў на сайте IPNI Персанальная старонка на сайце IPNI Выявы на Вікісховішчы

Чарльз Роберт ДАРВІН (англ.: Charles Robert Darwin; 12 лютага 1809 — 19 красавіка 1882) — англійскі прыродазнаўца, распрацоўнік тэорыі эвалюцыі, згодна з якой ўсе віды развіліся з цягам часу з агульных прародзічаў праз працэс натуральнага адбору. Наяўнасць эвалюцыі ў прыродзе была прызнаная навуковай супольнасцю яшчэ пры жыцці Дарвіна, але тэорыя натуральнага адбору стала агульнапрызнаным тлумачэннем эвалюцыйнага працэсу толькі ў 1930-я.

Дарвін праявіў цікавасць да гісторыі прыроды падчас навучання медыцыне ў Універсітэце Эдынбурга, потым тэалогіі ў Кембрыджы. Пяцігадовае падарожжа (1831—1836) на караблі «Бігль» дало матэрыялы для навуковых прац «Будова і размеркаванне каралавых рыфаў» (1842), «Геалагічныя назіранні над вулканічнымі астравамі» (1844), «Геалагічныя назіранні над Паўднёвай Амерыкай» (1846).

У гонар Ч. Дарвіна названы востраў Дарвін.

Гл. таксама

• Альфрэд Расэл Уолес
• Эразм Дарвін

Бібліяграфія

Па артыкуле Charles Darwin у en.wikipedia.org

• 1836: A LETTER, Containing Remarks on the Moral State of TAHITI, NEW ZEALAND, &c. — BY CAPT. R. FITZROY AND C. DARWIN, ESQ. OF H.M.S. 'Beagle.' [1]
• 1839: Journal and Remarks (The Voyage of the Beagle)
• Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle: published between 1839 and 1843 in five volumes by various authors, Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin: information on two of the volumes —

1840: Part I. Fossil Mammalia, by Richard Owen (Darwin’s introduction)

1839: Part II. Mammalia, by George R. Waterhouse (Darwin on habits and ranges)

• 1842: The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs [2]
• 1844: Geological Observations of Volcanic Islands [3], (French version)
• 1846: Geological Observations on South America [4]
• 1849: Geology from A Manual of scientific enquiry; prepared for the use of Her Majesty’s Navy: and adapted for travellers in general., John F.W. Herschel ed. [5]
• 1851: A Monograph of the Sub-class Cirripedia, with Figures of all the Species. The Lepadidae; or, Pedunculated Cirripedes. [6]
• 1851: A Monograph on the Fossil Lepadidae; or, Pedunculated Cirripedes of Great Britain [7]
• 1854: A Monograph of the Sub-class Cirripedia, with Figures of all the Species. The Balanidae (or Sessile Cirripedes); the Verrucidae, etc. [8]
• 1854: A Monograph on the Fossil Balanid? and Verrucid?? of Great Britain [9]
• 1858: On the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection
• 1859: On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life
• 1862: On the various contrivances by which British and foreign orchids are fertilised by insects [10]
• 1868: Variation of Plants and Animals Under Domestication (PDF format), Vol. 1, Vol. 2
• 1871: The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex
• 1872: The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals [11]
• 1875: Movement and Habits of Climbing Plants [12]
• 1875: Insectivorous Plants [13]
• 1876: The Effects of Cross and Self-Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom [14]
• 1877: The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species [15]
• 1879: «Preface and 'a preliminary notice'» in Ernst Krause’s Erasmus Darwin [16]
• 1880: The Power of Movement in Plants [17]
• 1881: The Formation of Vegetable Mould Through the Action of Worms [18] [19]
• 1887: Autobiography of Charles Darwin (Edited by his Son Francis Darwin) [20]
• 1958: Autobiography of Charles Darwin (Barlow, unexpurgated)

Літаратура

• 1911 Encyclop?dia Britannica/Darwin, Charles Robert (англ.) 
• Anonymous (1882). Obituary: Death Of Chas. Darwin. http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0212.html. Retrieved on 2008-10-30. 
• Arrhenius, O. (October 1921). Influence of Soil Reaction on Earthworms. 255–257. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0012-9658%28192110%292%3A4%3C255%3AIOSROE%3E2.0.CO%3B2-P. Retrieved on 2006-12-15. 
• Balfour, J. B. (11 May 1882). Obituary Notice of Charles Robert Darwin. 284–298. 
• Bannister, Robert C. (1989). Social Darwinism: Science and Myth in Anglo-American Social Thought.. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. ISBN 0-87722-566-4. 
• Bowler, Peter J. (1989). The Mendelian Revolution: The Emergence of Hereditarian Concepts in Modern Science and Society. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-485-11375-9. 
• Browne, E. Janet (2002). Charles Darwin: vol. 2 The Power of Place. London: Jonathan Cape. ISBN 0-7126-6837-3. 
• Darwin, Charles (1842). "Pencil Sketch of 1842". in Darwin, Francis. The foundations of The origin of species: Two essays written in 1842 and 1844.. Cambridge University Press. 1909. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1556&pageseq=33. 
• Darwin, Charles; Wallace, Alfred Russel (1858). en:On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection. Zoology 3. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. pp. 46–50. 
• Darwin, Charles (1859). en:On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (1st ed.). London: John Murray. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F373&viewtype=text&pageseq=1. Retrieved on 2008-10-24. 
• Darwin, Charles (1868). The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F880.1&viewtype=text&pageseq=1. Retrieved on 2008-11-01. 
• Darwin, Charles (1871). The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (1st ed.). London: John Murray. http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/Freeman_TheDescentofMan.html. Retrieved on 2008-10-24. 
• Darwin, Charles (1872). en:The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. London: John Murray. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1142&viewtype=text&pageseq=1. Retrieved on 2008-11-04. 
• Desmond, Adrian J. (2004). "Darwin". Encyclopaedia Britannica (DVD ed.). 
• FitzRoy, Robert (1839). Voyages of the Adventure and Beagle, Volume II. London: Henry Colburn. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F10.2&viewtype=text&pageseq=1. Retrieved on 2008-11-04. 
• Freeman, R. B. (1977). The Works of Charles Darwin: An Annotated Bibliographical Handlist. Folkestone: Wm Dawson & Sons Ltd. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=A1&viewtype=text&pageseq=1. Retrieved on 2008-11-04. 
• Hart, Michael (2000). The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History. New York: Citadel. 
• Kotzin, Daniel (2004). Point-Counterpoint: Social Darwinism. Columbia American History Online. http://caho-test.cc.columbia.edu/pcp/14008.html. Retrieved on 2008-11-22. 
• Lamoureux, Denis O. (March 2004) (PDF). Theological Insights from Charles Darwin. 56. 2–12. http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/2004/PSCF3-04Lamoureux.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-11-22. 
• Leff, David (2000). About Charles Darwin. http://www.aboutdarwin.com/darwin/WhoWas.html. Retrieved on 2008-11-22. 
• Leifchild (1859). Review of `Origin'. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=image&itemID=CUL-DAR226.1.8&pageseq=1. Retrieved on 2008-11-22. 
• Lucas, J. R. (1979). Wilberforce and Huxley: A Legendary Encounter. 22. 313–330. http://users.ox.ac.uk/~jrlucas/legend.html. Retrieved on 2008-11-22. 
• Miles, Sara Joan (2001). Charles Darwin and Asa Gray Discuss Teleology and Design. 53. 196–201. http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/2001/PSCF9-01Miles.html. Retrieved on 2008-11-22. 
• Moore, James (2005) (PDF). Darwin — A 'Devil’s Chaplain'?. American Public Media. http://speakingoffaith.publicradio.org/programs/darwin/moore-devilschaplain.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-11-22. 
• Moore, James (2006). Evolution and Wonder - Understanding Charles Darwin. Speaking of Faith (Radio Program). American Public Media. http://speakingoffaith.publicradio.org/programs/darwin/transcript.shtml. Retrieved on 2008-11-22. 
• Owen, Richard (1840). Darwin, C. R.. ed. Fossil Mammalia Part 1. The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. London: Smith Elder and Co. 
• Paul, Diane B. (2003), "Darwin, social Darwinism and eugenics", in Hodge, Jonathan and Radick, Gregory, The Cambridge Companion to Darwin, Cambridge University Press, {{{PagesTag}}} 214–239, ISBN 0-521-77730-5
• Smith, Charles H. (1999). Alfred Russel Wallace on Spiritualism, Man, and Evolution: An Analytical Essay. http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/essays/ARWPAMPH.htm. Retrieved on 2008-12-07. 
• Sulloway, Frank J. (Spring 1982). Darwin and His Finches: The Evolution of a Legend. 15. 1–53. http://www.sulloway.org/Finches.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-12-09. 
• Sweet, William (2004), Herbert Spencer, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, <http://www.iep.utm.edu/s/spencer.htm> Retrieved on 2006-12-15
• Wilkins, John S. (1997). Evolution and Philosophy: Does evolution make might right?. TalkOrigins Archive. http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/evolphil/social.html. Retrieved on 2008-11-22. 
• Wilkins, John S. (2008). "Darwin". in Tucker, Aviezer. A Companion to the Philosophy of History and Historiography. Blackwell Companions to Philosophy. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 405–415. ISBN 1-4051-4908-6. 
• van Wyhe, John (27 March 2007). Mind the gap: Did Darwin avoid publishing his theory for many years?. 61. 177–205. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2006.0171. http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=A544&pageseq=1. Retrieved on 2008-02-07. 
• Yates, Simon (2003), The Lady Hope Story: A Widespread Falsehood, TalkOrigins, <http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/hope.html> Retrieved on 2006-12-15

Спасылкі

• На ВікіСховішчы ёсць медыяфайлы па тэме Чарльз Роберт Дарвін
• Чарльз Роберт Дарвін на «Радаводзе». Дрэва продкаў і нашчадкаў